Open Space Structure

Ensure quantity and interconnectedness of open spaces near transit as development occurs.

 

Provide connected open spaces by physically or visually linking to natural resources, landscape, and topography where feasible. Connect new public and semi-public open spaces to existing networks of local and/or regional pedestrian and cycling routes to provide opportunity for alternate modes of transportation and recreation.

Design Guidelines
Policy & Implementation
The Role of Local Government & Transit First Policies
Guiding Principles of Land Use
Flexible Zoning Strategies
Street Design Implementation
Revising Transportation Analysis Practices
Transportation Demand Management
Rethinking Vehicle Parking Requirements
Parking Management
Best Practices to Attract Successful Developers
Clarifying Design Expectations
Integrating Retail into Transit Oriented Development
Community Planning for Rail Transit
Additional Resources
Body

A graphic of a neighborhood with a clear corridor and connection of two parks/open spaces.
Open Spaces and Multimodal Corridors

A photo of an urban plaza under an elevated roadway.
Park Space Under Elevated Roadway (Source: IBI Group)

Pursue the use of excess land adjacent to transit and roadway rights-of-way, and under elevated structures where available. Unused space beneath elevated transit lines and roadways can be perceived as dead space, creating physical and psychological barriers. Create designed open spaces in these underused areas to further connect with pedestrian and cycling networks.

 

 

 

 

 

 


Ensure opens spaces are strategically located within a quarter mile radius (5-minute walk) from all residents in urban areas. Open spaces of all sizes are valuable and should be sized appropriately based on available space and public need.

A illustration of city blocks with a line showing which parks are within 1/4 miles.
1/4 Mile Radius | 5 Minute Walk to Open Spaces

A photo of a public space surrounded by restaurants on two sides. The public space includes outdoor seating, planter boxes, and a grass lawn.
Santana Row, San José, CA

Small public spaces that occur between buildings (such as pocket parks, parklets, plazas, paseos and squares) form part of the pedestrian network that is critical to public life in urban areas. Small public spaces should welcome pedestrians to linger, sit, relax, watch or interact with others, or provide formal or informal play areas for children. Play areas and public art are often one in the same in small public spaces. Avoid creating inaccessible spaces where maintenance or lack of public surveillance may be an issue.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Consider linear parks: transportation corridors and natural geographical features, such as streams and rivers, offer unique opportunities for developing linear parks. These features present possibilities for both aesthetics and connectivity for surrounding communities. Linear parks create community corridors with unique character and improve walk and bike access to city and regional destinations.

  • Identify existing and potential linear park corridors in general plans and other large-scale planning documents. Use excess land adjacent to transit and roadway rights-of-way, and under elevated structures and/or natural geographic features such as streams and rivers.
A photo of an elevated linear park with plants and seating on the sides and a walkway in the middle.
Highline Park, New York, NY (Source: Flickr - Sergio Ruiz)
A photo of paved bike and pedestrian trail with vegetation on both sides.
San Tomas Aquino Creek Trail

Edges or boundaries, at the exterior of a neighborhood or urban area, may provide opportunities for a district greenbelt, recreational amenities, open space and circulation links with other destinations. 

An aerial photo of a large open field next to a paved trail and body of water.
Lake Merritt, Oakland, CA (Source: Flickr - Sergio Ruiz)
An aerial photo of a trail next to a freeway and development.
Guadalupe River Park and Trail, San José, CA (Source: Center for Land Use Interpretation)